List of the first female holders of political offices in Europe

Main article: List of the first female holders of political offices

Contents

Andorra

Albania

Austria

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Belgium

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Kingdom of Croatia:

As part of Yugoslavia:

As independent country:

Cyprus

Czechoslovakia

Czech Republic

For pre-1993, see Czechoslovakia

Denmark

Faroe Islands

Greenland

Estonia

Finland

Åland

France

Georgia

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Republic of Macedonia

Malta

Moldova

Montenegro

Netherlands

Norway

Other political positions

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

San Marino

Serbia

Slovakia

Note: Independent Slovak Republic was established on January 1, 1993. First female politicians of Slovak Republic as a part of Czech and Slovak Federal Republic are not included above.

List of Slovak female holders of political offices before independence:

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

England

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Wales

Vatican City

Yugoslavia

Footnotes and references

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  5. ^ "5th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia - official web portal". Vlada.hr. http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/prethodne_vlade_rh/5_vlada_republike_hrvatske. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  6. ^ a b c "6th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia - official web portal". Vlada.hr. http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/prethodne_vlade_rh/6_vlada_republike_hrvatske. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  7. ^ "Službene stranice Grada Zagreba - City of Zagreb – All Mayors". Zagreb.hr. http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1982. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  8. ^ a b c "7th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia - official web portal". Vlada.hr. http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/prethodne_vlade_rh/7_vlada_republike_hrvatske. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  9. ^ a b "8th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia - official web portal". Vlada.hr. 2003-12-23. http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/prethodne_vlade_rh/8_vlada_republike_hrvatske. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  10. ^ "9th Government of the Republic of Croatia / Previous governments / About Croatian Government / Home / Government of the Republic Croatia - official web portal". Vlada.hr. http://www.vlada.hr/en/naslovnica/o_vladi_rh/prethodne_vlade_rh/9_vlada_republike_hrvatske. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  11. ^ Copyright 2006 - USTAVNI SUD REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE. "www.usud.hr". www.usud.hr. http://www.usud.hr/default.aspx?Show=suci&G1=&G2=&G3=&m1=15&m2=31&Lang=en. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  12. ^ "Croatia approves first female prime minister | Europe | Deutsche Welle | 07.07.2009". Dw-world.de. 2009-06-22. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4460972,00.html. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  13. ^ Skou, Kaare R. (2005). Dansk politik A-Å (Danish). Aschehoug, p. 110. ISBN 87-11-11652-8.
  14. ^ Haastrup, Lisbeth. Fanny Jensen (1890 - 1969) (Danish). Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
  15. ^ Skou, Kaare R. (2005) Dansk politik A-Å (Danish). Aschehoug, p. 377. ISBN 87-11-11652-8.
  16. ^ Sandvad, Karin. Ingeborg Hansen (1886 - 1954) (Danish). Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
  17. ^ Højgaard, Lis. Marianne Jelved (1943 - ) (Danish). Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
  18. ^ Kamp om borgmesterposterne landet over (2005-11-16) (Danish). Dagbladet Information. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
  19. ^ world Statesmen.org
  20. ^ EEESTIMAA KUBERMANGU AJUTISE MAANÕUKOGU LIIKMED (Estonian)
  21. ^ EESTI ASUTAV KOGU (Estonian)
  22. ^ I Riigikogu (Estonian)
  23. ^ RAHVUSKOGU (Estonian)
  24. ^ VI RIIGIKOGU (Estonian)
  25. ^ Heinrich Marki Eksiilvalitsus (Estonian)
  26. ^ Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei (ERSP) (Estonian)
  27. ^ Riigisekretärid 1918–2003 (Estonian)
  28. ^ Edgar Savisaare Üleminekuvalitsus (Estonian)
  29. ^ Enno Penno Eksiilvalitsus (Estonian)
  30. ^ Siseministrid 1990-2008 (Estonian)
  31. ^ Sotsiaalministeeriumi ajalugu (Estonian)
  32. ^ Endised Riigikohtu liikmed (Estonian)
  33. ^ Mart Laari esimene valitsus (Estonian)
  34. ^ Teede- ja Sideministeeriumi kantsleri Ruth Martini teenistusest vabastamine (Estonian)
  35. ^ Majandusministrid 1990 - 2007 (Estonian)
  36. ^ Tallinna linnapead (Estonian)
  37. ^ Mart Laari teine valitsus (Estonian)
  38. ^ Eesti ÜROs (Estonian)
  39. ^ Välisministrid läbi aegade (Estonian)
  40. ^ Eesti haridusministrid (Estonian)
  41. ^ Endised maavanemad (Estonian)
  42. ^ Board of the Riigikogu (Estonian)
  43. ^ Tartu linnapead (Estonian)
  44. ^ Eesti põllumajandusjuhid-ministrid (Estonian)
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  51. ^ a b c "Mrs. Máire Geoghegan-Quinn". Oireachtas Members Database. http://oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?housetype=0&HouseNum=27&MemberID=454&ConstID=108. Retrieved 27 November 2009. 
  52. ^ "Elections Ireland: Presidential Elections". ElectionsIreland.org. http://www.electionsireland.org/results/president/index.cfm. Retrieved 29 December 2008. 
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  55. ^ Cullen, Paul (10 March 2011). "First female Attorney General a 'smart and able advocate'". The Irish Times. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2011/0310/1224291779292.html. Retrieved 10 September 2011. 
  56. ^ "Chief Justice Susan Gageby Denham". 25 July 2011. http://www.courts.ie/supremecourt/sclibrary3.nsf/0/88D89C40B15B2F8280257315005A41D1?opendocument&l=en. Retrieved 10 September 2011. 
  57. ^ "Constituent Assembly (Seimas) 1920 - 1922". Seimas. http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w5_show?p_r=286&p_k=2. Retrieved 2009-05-30. 
  58. ^ Vitureau, Marielle (2009-05-18). "Lithuania elects first female president". France 24. http://www.france24.com/en/20090518-lithuania-elects-first-female-president. 
  59. ^ "EU budget chief wins Lithuania presidental election". Reuters. 2009-05-17. http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSLH8090620090517. Retrieved 2010-06-24. 
  60. ^ "Wilhelmina Carolina Benjamina Smit (Carry Pothuis-Smit)". 2006-01-02. http://www.iisg.nl/bwsa/bios/smit-w.html. Retrieved 2011-02-12. "Wel kwam Pothuis-Smit in de Amsterdamse gemeenteraad (1919-1924) en in de Eerste Kamer (1920-1937), waar zij het eerste vrouwelijke lid was." 
  61. ^ "Previous Prime Ministers". The norwegian government. http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/smk/primeminister/previous-prime-ministers.html?id=572441. Retrieved 2011-01-30. 
  62. ^ Biography
  63. ^ Anne was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 8 March 1702, and from 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union 1707, became Queen of the Kingdom of Great Britain. She held that position, in addition to remaining as Queen of Ireland, until her death on August 1, 1714. The first female monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland following the Act of Union 1800 was Queen Victoria, while the first female monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was Queen Elizabeth II.
  64. ^ BBC - History - Margaret Thatcher (1925 - ), BBC website . Retrieved 10 March 2008.
  65. ^ Baroness Young of Farnworth: Obituary, BBC News, 6 September 2002 . Retrieved 10 March 2008.
  66. ^ 1992: Betty Boothroyd is new speaker BBC News . Retrieved 8 July 2008.
  67. ^ Sylvester, Rachel (2 March 2003). "First female Solicitor General kicks the 'men in wigs' downstairs". London: Telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1423558/First-female-Solicitor-General-kicks-the-men-in-wigs-downstairs.html. Retrieved 11 May 2010. 
  68. ^ Profile:Margaret Beckett, BBC News, 5 May 2006 . Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  69. ^ Profile:Jacqui Smith, BBC News, 19 July 2007 . Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  70. ^ O'€™Neill, Sean; Hamilton, Fiona (21 April 2008). "Baroness Scotland of Asthal, QC - Times Online". London: Times Online. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/article3759767.ece. Retrieved 11 May 2010. 
  71. ^ Cheryl Gillan, the first woman Welsh Secretary BBC News 12 May 2010
  72. ^ Empress Matilda, who 'reigned' for a few months in 1141, preceded Mary but is normally excluded from lists of English monarchs.

See also